Prevalence of Dental Caries; Patients Attending out Patient Department of Isra Dental College Hospital

Objective: Prevalence of dental caries among patients attended Isra Dental College OPD. Setting/ Methodology: A total of 1037 patients with dental carries were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Department of Dentistry Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad. All 1037 patients who were affected by Dental caries were included in the analysis. Research period was from January 2013 to December 2013. Local ethical committee approval was obtained before the trial started from the local research ethical committee, Isra University Hospital and all patients gave written informed consent. Written information about the study was given to each patient before attending the clinic. All participants of the study had undergone careful clinical evaluation including a full medical history and clinical examination to confirm the diagnosis of dental caries. Determination of whether the patient fulfils the inclusion / exclusion criteria; written, witnessed informed consent was obtained and a copy given to the patient. They were assured that they can withdraw from the study, at any time, without being required to state a reason and this would not affect their future management. Duration: January to December 2013. Sample Size: At confidence level 1 and precision 0.1; calculated sample size was 1037. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Sampling Technique: Non-Probability Sampling Technique. Inclusion Criteria: Patients of ages 11-70 years participated as a study inhabitants were included. Exclusion Criteria: Chronic debilitating disease (carcinoma, tuberculosis and diabetes). Prolong steroid therapy (more than one month). BMI less than 18 (Before gathering information BMI was computed from several patients by scaling via height and weight scale). Results: The mean age of the participants was 28 years and ranged between 0 and 60 years; the majority of the participants were Male, 60% (n=600), while 40% (n=400) were female. The entire population (n=1000) was invited to participate in the quality evaluation of dental restorations in the hospital. However, only those patients who had been willing to participate in the evaluation were included. As mentioned above, a total of 1000 out of 1037 patients had agreed in this specific evaluation. A tooth was recorded as “decayed” if it was presented with deteriorated and discolored condition or it had a presentably softened floor or created an ecological imbalance in the equilibrium between tooth, minerals and oral bio-films (plaque). The result of conducted study depicts that Mean DMFT is higher in males i.e 0.99 and in females its 1. The present study confirmed the findings comparing to previous studies by stating that DMFT keeps on increasing as the age increases. The mean DMFT in age 11-20 is 0.005, 21-40 is 0.003 and 40-60 is 0.001. However, the findings of the current study cannot be generalized because selective nature of inhabitants. Conclusions: Therefore it’s the responsibility of family dentist to educate patients about available treatment options and their expected outcomes. The research has evaluated the dental caries risk profile in the adult population and the caries-related factors which can contribute to the risk which were identified. The core reason for this unacceptable rating of such restorations was recurrent level of dental caries. Article Citation: Kazi AQS, Iqbal W, Shaikh SS. Prevalence of dental caries; patients attending out patient department of Isra Dental College Hospital. Professional Med J 2014;21(4): 750-754. 1. BDS, Msc Oral Pathology Assistant Professor Department of Oral Pathology, Isra Dental College & Hospital, Hyderabad Sindh 2. BDS, (MDS Oral Pathology) Lecturer Department of Oral Pathology, Isra Dental College & Hospital, Hyderabad Sindh 3. MBBS, M.Phil. Assistant Professor Department of Pathology Al-Tibri Medical College & Hospital, Isra University Karachi Campus Sindh Article received on: 15/03/2014 Accepted for Publication: 25/05/2014 Received after proof reading: 16/08/2014 Correspondence Address: Dr. Saeed Sattar Shaikh MBBS, M.Phil (Path) Assistant Professor Department of Pathology Al-Tibri Medical College & Hospital, Isra University Karachi Campus, Sindh [email protected] www.theprofesional.com Professional Med J 2014;21(4): 750-754. 750 construction. As mineral contents of teeth are sensitive therefore, lactic acid is considered as a key source to high acidity. Tooth is in constant state of demineralization and reminerilization 2 among tooth and saliva . Dental caries can also take place due to the process of de-mineralization and re-mineralization, which can take place frequently during the day. This process can lead to caries lesions or even create a repair and reversal of a lesion. The lesion starts to develop and is formed beneath the contact area between the 3 teeth and the oral structure . Caries on an occlusal surface are also called a localized phenomenon that has been formed in pit and fissure. According to a global research conducted in 2001, more than one-thirds of the people aged 50 years or above had lost at least one tooth due to dental caries. The dental caries incidence in adults has been det r imenta l because o f severa l 4 environmental factors . 91% of 12 year old children in Herzegovina, 6290%in developed and developing countries, Adults ranges 62% in Bagdad including 63.4% in 5 India are affected with the Dental Caries . Age is a primary factor of prevalence which has increased in Dental caries and it could be due to exercise of denture or transfer from compound to simple sugar and poor oral hygiene. Appearance of caries is extremely variable whereas risk factors and growth stages are parallel. (NHANES) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey United States (1999-2004) shows that there is a turn down in dental caries from 90% in 1970’s whereas, occurrence is still high around 92% which is even higher in developing countries more than 95%. In Pakistan, several studies have revealed that many elderly people have kept their own natural teeth safe and intact. Whelton (2004) has reviewed several studies on dental caries which have focused on risk of caries in adults. It might be concluded that caries issue increases with old age and even in adults who have prevented the carries problem for quite a long time. Data collection on the incidence and progression of root caries has been carried out in an age-related study design which is very important in determining the lifetime pattern of caries. Underdeveloped countries across the world are trying their best to fight against caries and almost 70% of the countries across the world have been successful in achieving the motive of WHO goal of decayed, missing and filling teeth 6 index . But still the caries prevalence has been increasing to a huge extent in developing countries across the world. According to the WHO global data, there has been an upward trend in 7 DMFT from 1.6 to 10.4 in the last 50 years . A cross sectional research in India has indicated a mean DMFT of 2.41 in school children who are in the range of the age of 13-15. Almost 94% of the primary school children in Riyadh, KSA have been found to be suffering from dental caries. Simultaneously, a recent study in Tehran has revealed that the DMFT index has dropped from